Probiotics and allergy
Bifidobacterium longum HH-BL18
Allergic disorders are associated with a shift of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance towards a Th2 response. This leads to activation of Th2 cytokines and the release of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 as well as IgE production.
Bifidobacterium longum HH-BL18 can potentially modulate the toll-like receptors and the proteoglycan recognition proteins of enterocytes, leading to activation of dendritic cells and a Th1 response. The resulting stimulation of Th1 cytokines can suppress Th2 responses. It can also enhance IFN-production and decrease IgE and antigen-induced TN F-, IL-5, and IL-10 secretion.
Bifidobacterium lactis HH-BA68
B. Lactis HH-BA68 can reduce allergy symptoms of animal models with food allergy by reducing the serum levels of IgE. B. lactis can increase relative mRNA levels of FoxP3 and TGF-β and reduce the relative mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-23. All these cytokines are associated with the levels of Treg and Th17 cells. Th17 cells are associated with the pathogenesis of Th2-mediated allergic disorders. Th17 cells regulate neutrophil recruitment and play an important role in allergy pathogenesis. Th17 and Treg cells play a critical role in atopic disease. B. lactis HH-BA68 induced a significant tolerance reaction for allergy symptoms by increasing Treg cells differentiation and suppressing Th17-type cells differentiation. In addition, B. lactis can promote potentially antiallergenic processes through induction of Th1-type immunity and enhanced the regulatory lymphocyte.
Lactobacillus reuteri PB-LR09
The analysis of circulating chemokines is a usable tool to investigate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 imbalance in allergic disease and other diseases in vivo. Probiotic treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri PB-LR09 has been shown to be associated with lower secretion of allergen induced Th2- and Th1-related cytokines during infancy, as well as with low IL-10 and Th2-associated CCL22 responses. Moreover, low mitogen induced Th2-like responses were also associated with L. reuteri PB-LR09 supplementation. The lower cytokine and chemokine levels in the probiotic group could indicate an increased immune regulatory capacity, possibly implying a reduced atopic propensity.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB-LR09
Cow's milk allergy(CMA) is a global health concern that occurs more frequently among children than adults. In our study, we found that oral L.rhamnosus PB-LR76 administration could help reduce or control CMA in Balb/C mice that were sensitized with cow’s milk proteins (CMP) either via the oral(gavage) or systemic (IP) route. Oral administration of L.rhamnosus PB-LR76 may possibly alleviate allergy as indicated by numerically lower hypersensitivity responses, lower Il-4 levels, and lower CMP-specific IgG1 but higher IFN-γ and CMP-specific IgG2a levels. Generally, an an increase in Th2 response in mice results in higher secretions of IL-4, and allergen-specific IgE and IgG1, whereas increasing the Th1 response leads to higher IFN-γand IgG2a levels. Therefore, our findings suggest that L.rhamnosus PB-LR76 supplementation may alleviate allergic reactions by supressing Th2-mediated immune responses.
Lactobacillus paracasei HH-LP58
The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is described as an imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells. Lactobacillus paracasei HH-LP58 inhibits allergic diseases by suppressing the Th2 response. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are representative cytokines released by Th2 cells that are suppressed by Lactobacillus paracasei HH-LP58. Further, Lactobacillus paracasei HH-LP58 increases IL-10 and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β levels by inducing Tregs cells in allergic diseases.