1. Product introduction
- Product Name: allergic rhinitis probiotics tablets
- Product specifications: 30 pieces/box
- Product weight: 0.5 g/piece
- Indications: The strain composition provided by this product can quickly relieve symptoms such as nasal itching, sneezing, runny nose, etc., and has a significant therapeutic effect on allergic rhinitis.
- Instructions for use: 1-2 tablets daily. Rinse and dissolve in the mouth. Do not chew or swallow with water. Try not to drink water or eat food within 2 hours after use. The best time to use it is before going to bed at night and after brushing your teeth.
- Note: It is recommended that a 3-month cycle be used, with 2 tablets a day in the first month and 1 tablet a day in the next two months to give the strain sufficient time to colonize and build a good upper respiratory tract environment.
- Preservation method: Store in a cool and dry place, preferably refrigerated at 4°C.
- Viable bacteria count: probiotic mixture (40 billion CFU/g), Bifidobacterium longum HH‑BL18 (10 billion CFU/g), Bifidobacterium lactis HH‑BA68 (10 billion CFU/g), Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB‑LR76 (10 billion CFU/g) and Lactobacillus reuteri PB‑LR09 (10 billion CFU/g).
- Other ingredients: honeysuckle, honey, peppermint oil, liquid sucrose, and liquid glucose.
2. Technical background
Allergic rhinitis (hypersensitive rhinitis), also known as allergic rhinitis (AR), is caused by abnormal immune regulation, mainly manifested by the body's immune response to various allergens shifting towards Th2 type, that is, Th1 type cells (CD4-positive cells) response is inhibited and Th2-type cell response is enhanced. IFN-γ (γ-interferon) and IL-12 (interleukin-12) secreted by Th1 cells decrease, IL-3, IL-4, and IL-5 secreted by Th2 cells increase, stimulating B cells to produce more IgE, eosinophils activate, proliferate and release various pro-inflammatory mediators, causing symptoms such as sneezing, nasal itching, hypernasal secretion, and nasal obstruction.
Currently, loratadine is mainly used to treat allergic rhinitis to relieve related symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal itching, nasal congestion, eye itching, and burning sensation. However, its therapeutic effect and cure rate are not significant. Studies have shown that supplementing the normal flora of the respiratory tract appropriately can maintain the balance of the respiratory microecology, increase its antagonistic effect on foreign pathogenic bacteria, and inhibit their growth. At the same time, it can also provide signals that promote immune cell maturation and tissue endothelial differentiation, improving the body's immune system function.
3. Mechanism of probiotics improving respiratory diseases
Studies have shown that probiotics in the upper respiratory tract can achieve anti-infection and improve immunity through multiple immune pathways, and can also inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines in the intestines. Probiotics build the following three lines of defense for the human body to prevent and treat respiratory diseases: (1) Probiotics act on the skin and respiratory mucosa, thereby enhancing antigen-specific IgG and IgA antibodies; (2) Enhance the phagocytosis ability of cells under normal circumstances and activate The sterilizing substance dissolves phagocytes and eliminates germs; (3) Increases the concentration of IFN-γ (gamma interferon) and IL-10 (interleukin-10) in the alveoli and enhances the activity of NK cells (natural killer cells), Improve self-protection.
4. Hehe Biological Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis Strains
Source and identification of the strain: Isolated from the adult intestine, the 16S rDNA gene sequence was determined to obtain species information with similar sequences. Homology comparison was used to assist in determining the species information. It was classified and named Bifidobacterium longum HH‑BL18, Bifidobacterium lactis Fibrobacterium HH‑BA68, Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB‑LR76, and Lactobacillus reuteri PB‑LR09.
5. In vivo verification
Experimental method: BALB/c mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into a control group, probiotic group, and AR group, with 10 mice in each group. The Luminex method was used to detect serum IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in each group, and serum OVA-specific IgE (OVA-SIgE) levels were measured by ELISA.
Test results: Compared with the AR group, there was no significant difference in serum IFN-γ levels of mice in the probiotic group, but it could significantly reduce serum IL-4 and OVA-SIgE levels. The specific test results are as follows:
Figure 1 OVA-sIgE content (ng/mL) in mouse serum after 8 weeks of administration
AR is a type I allergic disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by IgE after individuals with an allergic constitution are exposed to allergens. The serum IgE level of normal individuals is extremely low, while the serum IgE level of AR patients is high. In this study, the level of OVA-sIgE in the serum of mice in the probiotic group was significantly lower than that in the AR group, indicating that probiotic intervention can reduce the production of OVA-sIgE and alleviate type I allergic reactions.
Figure 2 Interleukin-4 (IL-4) content (ng/mL) in mouse serum after 8 weeks of administration
Figure 3 IFN-γ content in mouse serum after 8 weeks of administration (pg/mL)
Helper T lymphocyte subpopulations can be divided into two categories: Th1 and Th2 according to the type of cytokines they produce and their biological functions. Th1 cells mainly secrete Th1 cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ, etc., among which, IFN-γ participates in cellular immunity, and Th2 cells mainly secrete two types of cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5. Among them, IL-4 mainly participates in humoral immunity and causes type I allergic reactions. AR patients have an imbalance of Th1/Th2 type immunity. The Th2 response is too strong and the Th1 response is suppressed. Probiotic stimulation can maintain the Th1/Th2 balance. The results of this study showed that the Th2 representative factor IL-4 in the probiotic group was significantly lower than that in the AR group, while the Th1 representative factor IFN-γ was not statistically different from the AR group, indicating that probiotics may mainly achieve Th1 by inhibiting Th2-type responses. /Th2 balanced does not significantly promote Th1 immune response.
In summary, probiotics can reduce the production of OVA-sIgE and inhibit Th2 cell responses, thereby preventing and treating allergic rhinitis.
references:
[1] Man WH, de Steenhuijsen Peters WA, Bogaert D. The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017 May;15(5):259-270. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.14. Epub 2017 Mar 20. PMID: 28316330; PMCID: PMC7097736.
[2] Shah T, Shah Z, Baloch Z, Cui X. The role of microbiota in respiratory health and diseases, particularly in tuberculosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Nov; 143:112108. doi 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112108. Epub 2021 Sep 21. PMID: 34560539.
[3] Cao W, Sun Y, Zhao N, Song J, Zhang N, Liu L, Liu Q. Characteristics of the bacterial microbiota in the upper respiratory tract of children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Feb;279(2):1081-1089. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07013-y. Epub 2021 Jul 24. PMID: 34304297.
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